American Sign Language/ Deaf Culture

Individuals who use American Sign Language (ASL) as their primary mode of communication are part of Deaf Culture. In addition a unique language, they share common traditions and customs. ASL is a language in and of itself; it is not simply English words translated to sign. Some people have this mistaken impression because “fingerspelling” (manual alphabet) includes spelling of words in English as part of the language. ASL is a complex, visual language, but for educational purposes can be written (called “gloss”). Many colleges and universities accept ASL classes for foreign or world language credit, and high school classes in this subject are becoming more common. The linguistics of this language not only includes signs and fingerspelling (not necessarily in English word order), but also use of sign space, facial/body expressions and mouth morphemes.

Many hearing people consider deafness a disability, but those in the Deaf Culture have Deaf Pride and lead very satisfying and fulfilling lives. As we as a society more and more celebrate diversity, we are open to accepting others’ differences not with “sympathy,” but with the idea of enriching our own lives by understanding the languages, points of view, strengths and abilities of individuals in other cultures. Deaf Pride was highlighted in the “Deaf President Now” movement at Gallaudet University in 1988, when students protested until the university replaced the new hearing president with one who was deaf. This transition accentuated the students’ desire for empowerment, and underscored the resolution of those who are deaf to be involved in governance of their own affairs.

No. American Sign Language is used in the U.S. and Canada. Other countries have their own sign languages. However, one who uses ASL is more likely to comprehend other such languages because of his/her established orientation to a visual language.

Not necessarily. It may be more appealing if you are a visually oriented person, but there are still many complexities that make it a significant undertaking. In fact, just using your eye muscles to constantly watch the language requires adjustment (we can listen with our ears without using any muscles!)

 Deaf or hard-of-hearing. The terms “deaf and dumb” (gasp!), “mute,” and “hearing-impaired” are considered offensive and not representative of those who have pride in their culture.

 Generally speaking, 90% of deaf people marry other deaf people, and 90% of those couples have hearing children, so there are always ties to the “hearing community.” Hearing children of deaf parents are affectionately called “CODAs” (Child of Deaf Adult) and may have learned ASL as their first language.

 The movement to teach hearing babies sign language is fantastic because it adds a visual-spatial dimension to the child’s language learning. While a stepping stone, this process does not fully encompass the linguistics of American Sign Language.

It is sometimes difficult to learn ASL from a book because of its three-dimensional nature. However, you can learn some signs this way, and also read about Deaf Culture. Here is a link to an online dictionary www.signingsavvy.com where you can look up some signs and fingerspelling for functional use. Otherwise, I suggest college classes, classes at a school for the deaf in your area, or locating activities in the Deaf community in your area. A number of churches have Deaf ministries whereby you can take classes, observe interpreters and interact with deaf congregants.

 Many Sign Language teachers are deaf, so yes! However, not all deaf people you encounter may be open to helping you with a new interest in Sign Language. After all, the range of people in their culture is much like ours – some are nice, some are rude, some are open, some are skeptical, and so on…  Most of my high school students report that when they are at work and have the opportunity to interact with a deaf person, most are appreciative, receptive and relieved (!) regarding the student’s understanding and use of ASL.